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Patented May 31, 1'881.

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.Tl Wl DE TRAYL Sheets SheetZ Churnl No. 242,117 Patented May 31,1881.

l UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.a

TRUMAN W. DE TRAY, OF MALTA, OHIO, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO WILLIAM HARMAN, OF SAME PLACE.

vCHURN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No.' 242,117, dated May 31, 1881.

Application filed August 30, 18H0.

To all whom t'may concern Be it known that I, TRUMAN W. DE TRAY, a citizen of the United States, residing at Malta, in .the county of Morgan and State ot' Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in'Ohurns; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, andexact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to letters or figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

My invention relates to that class of churns in which the churn-body is oscillated upon a suitable frame, and the dasher within the churnbody is stationary; and it consists, rst, in the combination, with the churn-body, of a sectional frame and cradle, the latter having its side rods bent to form handles, substantially as hereinafter set forth; second, the combination, with the churn-body, of a stationary prismatic dasher having its faces corrugated and arranged within the churn-body to form passages for the cream on-each side and through said dasher, substantially as hereinafter set forth; and, lastly, the invention consists in the peculiar construction, arrangement, and combination of the churn-body, its lid, and the additional operating-handles, and in the peculiar construction of parts of the su pporting-cradle, substantially ashereinafter described.

In the accompanying two sheets of drawin gs, Figures l and 2 represent, respectively, a plan view and a side elevation, and Figs. 3 and 4 a vertical longitudinal and a vertical transverse section, of an oscillating churn constructed according to my invention.

The churn is composed cfa main supportingframe, A, carrying a swinging or. oscillating frame or cradle, B, and the churn-body G, that is supported from and oscillated by and with said cradle B.

It will be apparent that the frames A B, as well as the churn-body C, may be made of any desired material and shape so long as the cra dle is made to oscillate upon said frame A, and is adapted to support the churn-body.

For convenience of construction and transportation, and with a view to giveto the frame and cradle a neat appearance, I make them (No model.)

light and strong, and at the same time of small cost 5 and with the further obj ect of facilitating the operation of churning, I construct these parts of metal, and preferably in such sections as to adapt both the frame and cradle to be packed within the churn-body.

The main frame A may be made of light iron rods, though I prefer to employ the ordinary gas-pipin g, to adapt said frame to be taken to pieces for transportation and storage and readily put up by the most unskilled, the only tool required being afpipe-wrench; and to this end the said frame is composed of eight pipe-sections, a, that form the four uprights or legs, A', two sections for each leg, said sections being united together by a triangular or T- pipe coupling, a. The upper en d of each leg is connected to the longitudinal sections A2 by means of elbow-joints a2, and said longitudinal sections or braces A2 are composed of three pieces of piping united together byineans of couplings a4, that are provided with pendent hooks a5 in such manner that said hooks will be located a short distance from each elbowjoint a?, or near the extremities of the frame and onopposite sides thereof, as shown. The ground or lower end of each leg is screwed to a suitable base or foot, A3, provided with an interiorily-threaded socket. The two sides of the frame are united by means of two transverse braces, A4, screwed into one branch of the T-couplin gs a', as shown. It will be seen that by means of this novel construction and arrangement I obtain aframe that may be readily taken apart for storage and transportation, that-is light, yet strong and durable, as well as cheap, and of neat appearance.

The cradle D may be made of the same material as the frame A, though I prefer to employ light iron rods, and it is composed of two side pieces, b which may be made of a single rod the extremities of which are welded or otherwise united, and made of the oblong shape shown, and bent upward to form at each extremity the upwardly-turned bale or handle b. I prefer, however, to form the cradle of two side pieces, b, having their ends bent inward and upward to form the handles or bales b', at each end of the cradle, said extremities being united by means of a threaded sleeve, B', which also forms an enlarged bearing for the hand,

roo v and if desired this sleeve may be covered or inclosed in wood or some soft or yielding material or fabric, such as rubber, cloth, felt, or similar material, the purposes of which are obvious. These side pieces or this frame-work are braced by two rods, B2, that are either permanently attached to the rods b or that pass through perforations formed in a flattened part of the rods b, at or near each end of the frame, the outer end of said transverse rods being provided with hooks for suspending the cradle to the main frame. I prefer, however, to attach depending perforated lugs to each side rod, b, through which the ends of the brace-rods B2 pass, and I form a screw-thread upon said rod ends for the reception of a nut, b2, to which I attach a hook, b3, the location of these hooks of the cradle-frame corresponding with that of the hooks of the main frame A, said cradleframe being suspended from the main frame by means of four light iron rods, B3,as shown, the advantages of this construction being the same as those of the main frame and are obvious.

The churn-body C, I preferablyv make ofsheet tin, and in form practicallyv like that of an ordinary wash-boilcr-that is to say, oblong, wi th rounded ends-for a purpose presently explained. It is provided with adiseharge-spout or faucet, c, at one end and handles, c', at opposite ends, the purposes for which need no further explanation.

Around the inside of the churn-bod y and near its upper edge I form an inwardly-projecting flange, c2, upon which rests the wooden lid L, the edge of the churn-body having the usual bead, c3. This construction prevents anyeream from being splashed out, and the lid is held securely in position. The lid Lmay be made of sheet-tin, but I prefer to use a wooden lid. It is provided near one end with an aperture, I, for the reception of a funnel-spout that may be normally closed by a stopper or in the manner hereinafter described. Upon each end ofthe lid I attach cleats having rectangular openings for the reception of a handle, H, to operate the churn when not rocked or oscillated by means of thebails of the cradle-frame, the cleats Z serving at the same time as handles to lift the lid oft the churn-body. One of the handles, H, is so constructed as to project beyond the cleat when inserted and cover the aperture Z, to prevent any cream passing through it; and to that end the end of the handle may be provided with a washer of soft material, such as rubber, which will close the aperture l when pressure is applied to the handle for operating the churn. The lid L is further provided with a pane of glass, G, that occupies the greater part ofthe space of the lid between the cleats, as shown, for a purpose that will be presently explained.

D is the dasher, made also of sheet-tin and ofprismatie or triangular form, arranged in the center of the churn and transversely thereof. It maybe permanently attached tothe bottom of the churn-body, though I prefer to make it removable, though stationary relatively to the churn-body. The dasher may be extended cntirely across the churn-body; but, for reasons presently explained, I arrange the dasher iu such a manner as to leave a passage for the cream on both sides thereof, as well as through it transversely, and its faces may be made smooth 5 but, for like reasons, I employ a transverselycorrugated dasher, the corrugations d of which are, as near as possible, semi-cylindrical and run transversely across the face of the dasher.

lt is well known to all dairymen that cream when ehurned at a given temperature will produce more and better butter than when this temperature is increased or diminished, and that the best results are obtained when cream having a temperature of from 580 to 630 Fahrenheit is churned, the former giving the best results, but requriug a longer time in churning.

It is also well known to those practiced in the art of butter-making that the, agitation of the cream largelyaffects the quantity and quality of butter obtained, and that the movement or agitation imparted to the cream should be such as not to break the butter-globules either before or after their separation from the milk or whey, and that wheneveitabrupt motion or abrupt interruption in the movement or course of the cream or splashing takes place more or less of the globules are broken,yieldin g a much inferior quality of butter and a reduced quantity.

In order to facilitate thc regulation of the temperature of the cream during churning, as well as for ascertaining the progress thereof, I employ the aperture l and glass face G of the lid, which serves both as a thermometer and indicator, inasmuch as any one practiced iu the art of butter-making can readily ascertain the temperature of the cream within the limits above specified by the touch or contact of the lingers or hand with the glass Gr, and add, through the medium of a funnel and the aperture I, either cold or hot or warm water, if the temperature is too high or too low. The glass face is also the medium through which the operation of churning is observed, as it will readily indicatc the process of separation of the globules by the density of the cream adhering to the glass.

In order to avoid the breaking of the butter globules and impart the movement or agitation to the cream that will have this result, I employ a churn that shall have no acute angles upon its interior surfaces, and I have found that the oblong forni of churn body with rounded ends, like that of the ordinary washboiler, is best suited for the purpose; and to break the uniform tlow from end to end ofthe churn when oscillated, without, however, violently or abruptly agitating the cream, I place the dasher D transversely in the center of the churn, and in such manner as to leave passages d d2 on opposite sides of the dasher, and a passage, d, through the same.

lt will be apparent that when the churn is oseillated in one direction, onehalf of the cream will flow to that side which is depressed with- IOO out agitation, while the other halt" will be divided into four currents-those passing on opposite sides and through the dasher and that passing over the dasher. The latter current will, owing to the corrugations of the dashersurface, be retarded and undulating and projected over the dasher at a time when the oscillation of the churn is about to be reversed or is reversed, that part of the cream meeting the reverse current and retarding its course, while the current through the dasher will somewhat lessen the velocity of one of the side currents, which latter, coming in contact with the cream ou the depressed side ot the churn, will cause a gentle agitation.

It will be'seeh that at no time during the process of churning is there any violent breaking of the intercepting currents, and that these follow (as indicated by the arrows, Fig. 3) principally a course in curvilinear lines, that will effectually prevent the breakingof the globules of butter.

The churn being suspended from a main frame and resting upon a cradle provided with bails, may be operated by persons that could not operate any of the churns now in general use; and in order to facilitate the operation when a considerable quantity of cream is churned at a time, I have applied means to attach handles to the lid, whereby a greater leverage is obtained without greater exertion of power, and the increased mass is properly agitated.

I am aware that'the process of making butier by means of an oscillating movement iinparted to the ehurn-bodyis not new, and I do not desire to claim this, broadly; but

What I do claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

l. In an oscillating churn, the combination, with the churn-body and main supportingframe, of a metallic oscillating cradle the side rods ot' which have their ends bent upward and united to form the handles or bails b', substantially as and for the purpose specified.

2. In an oscillating churn, the combination, with the'churn-body and its lid L, provided with cleats to receive operative handles H, of

the main frame and cradle suspended therefrom, the side rods, b,of which extend beyond the main frame and converge toward each other, and are united by means of couplingsleeves B to form the bails b', as and for the .purpose specified.

3. In a swinging or oscillating churn, the combination, with the churn-body, of a stationary prismatic dasher having its faces corrugated, as set forth, and arranged in the center and transversely of the churn-body, for the purposes described.

4. In an oscillating churn, the combination, with the churn-bod y, of a prismatic, corrugated, and stationary dasher arranged in the center and transversely of the churn-body to form passages for the cream on opposite sides of the dasher, as and for the purposes set forth.

5. In an oscillating churn, the combination, with the churn-body, of a stationary corrugated dasher arranged in the center and transversely of the churn-body to form passages for the cream on opposite sides of and transversely through said dasher, as and for the purpose set forth.

6. In an oscillating churn, the churn-body C, made of sheet meta-l of oblong form and rounded ends, as shown, in combination with a prismatic corrugated dasher, also made ot sheet metal, and arranged transversely and in the center of the churn-body to form passages for the cream d d2 cl3, and a suitable lid, substantially as described, for the purposes set forth.

7. The combination, with the churn-body C and the handles H, of the lid L, having glass face G, cleats l', through which the end of the handles pass, and an aperture, l, so located that the end of one of said handles, when projected through the cleat, will form a closure for said aperture, as and for the purpose specitied.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

TRUMAN W. DE TRAY. Witnesses: J AMES M. RUsK,

WILLIAM F. SMITH. 

